Abstract: We report the first detailed investigation on isotope shift, Δσ166, 170 measurements carried out in the spectrum of singly- ionized erbium (Er II/ Er+) recorded with a FTS. Isotope shift in 85 spectral lines were determined in the 350- 590 nm wavelength region. The source was accomplished of mixture of highly enriched isotopes of 166Er: 170Er in 7:10 ratio respectively and the detector was a photomultiplier tube. These investigations have contributed significantly to the understanding of the 92 known energy levels of Er+. Level isotope shift, ΔT166, 170 values have been evaluated for 29 even- and 63 odd- parity energy levels for the first time. On the basis of the derived level isotope shifts the configuration mixing was estimated for altogether 92 involved levels and compared those with the theoretically predicted configuration mixings available in the literature and found that both the theoretical and experimental mixings have excellent agreement with each other.Abstract: We report the first detailed investigation on isotope shift, Δσ166, 170 measurements carried out in the spectrum of singly- ionized erbium (Er II/ Er+) recorded with a FTS. Isotope shift in 85 spectral lines were determined in the 350- 590 nm wavelength region. The source was accomplished of mixture of highly enriched isotopes of 166Er: 170Er in 7:...Show More
Abstract: The main novel part of the paper is to identify the 16 extra bosonic dimensions of the Heterotic string theory with the negative signature of K3 Kähler manifold and these in turn are the source of pure dark energy.Guided by the basic ideas and structure of heterotic string theory we establish an energy density triality, which add together to the theoretically expected energy density based on Einstein’s relativity. Thus Einstein’s famous formula E = mc 2 is found in integer approximation to be the sum of three sectors, namely where is the ordinary energy density, is the dark matter energy density and is the pure dark energy density where m is the mass, c is the velocity of light and 16 is the number of heterotic strings extra bosons. We demonstrate further that strictly speaking dark matter is weakly coupled with pure dark energy and that while dark matter and ordinary energy are attracting in the conventional way, pure dark energy has an opposite sign similar to the extra 16 dimensions of heterotic strings making it act effectively in the opposite direction in conformity with the negative sign and magnitude of the corresponding K3 Kähler manifold.Abstract: The main novel part of the paper is to identify the 16 extra bosonic dimensions of the Heterotic string theory with the negative signature of K3 Kähler manifold and these in turn are the source of pure dark energy.Guided by the basic ideas and structure of heterotic string theory we establish an energy density triality, which add together to the th...Show More
where 
is the ordinary energy density, 
is the dark matter energy density and 
is the pure dark energy density where m is the mass, c is the velocity of light and 16 is the number of heterotic strings extra bosons. We demonstrate further that strictly speaking dark matter is weakly coupled with pure dark energy and that while dark matter and ordinary energy are attracting in the conventional way, pure dark energy has an opposite sign similar to the extra 16 dimensions of heterotic strings making it act effectively in the opposite direction in conformity with the negative sign and magnitude of the corresponding K3 Kähler manifold.